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dear ‘english bridge’,
i’d like to tell about the invention of telephone.
it was invented by alexander bell in 1875.
alexander bell was born in edinburgh, scotland.
when his family went to america, he was given a
teaching position with deaf 1
people and he became
interested in speech. his work was fi nanced by the
father of one of his pupils. the story goes that bell
invented the telephone by accident. at
that time he was experimenting with the
telegraph. he spilled some acid 2
and called
his assistant. “come here, mr watson, i
want to see you.” watson was in the
other room and he heard bell through
apparatus 3
. the fi rst telephone exchange
which connected 21 people happened in
1878. the fi rst communication satellite
was launched in 1962.
with best regards,
peter


hi, everybody!
i think that one of the most important inventions for
the mankind1
is the first accurate clock which was
designed by christian huygens in 1657. christian
huygens was born in the hague, holland.
mechanical clocks were made in the 14th century but
they were too inaccurate to have minute hands2
.
shadow clocks3
or sundials are the oldest
instruments for telling the time. they were developed
more than 4,000 years ago. water clocks were used in
ancient egypt. time was measured4
by how long it took
water to flow out of holes in a container. sand clocks
were used in the middle ages. if they took an
hour to empty they were called hourglasses5
.
today they are still often used as kitchen
egg-timers6
.
pocket watches were invented in about
1500 and wristwatches started to get popular
around 1900 when they were made mainly
in france and switzerland.
with my best wishes,
julia
1
mankind [0m2n9kaind] — людство
2
a hand [h2nd] — (тут) стрілка годинника
3
a shadow clock [9s2deu] — сонячний годинник
4
to measure [9mez3] — вимірювати
5
an hourglass [9au3gl4: s] — пісковий годинник
6
an egg-timer [9eg0taim3] — годинник для варки яєць
were used in the middle ages. if they took an
hour to empty they were called hourglasses
today they are still often used as kitchen
egg-timers
1500 and wristwatches started to get popular
around 1900 when they were made mainly
in france and switzerland.
with my best wishes,
julia